ADF-CPAcid Detergent Fiber- Crude Protein- a laboratory test used to measure the amount of heat damaged protein in hay and haylage, reported on a crude protein basis (nitrogen content multiplied by a factor of 6.25 to convert nitrogen content to a crude protein equivalent basis). Updates to the(...) Read More
ADF (%DM)Acid Detergent Fiber as a percent of Dry Matter. Acid Detergent Fiber is a chemical analysis that determines the amount of residue (primarily cellulose, lignin and variable amounts of silica) remaining after boiling a feed sample in an acid detergent solution. The ADF value is more as a gauge(...) Read More
ADGAverage Daily Gain- the average daily liveweight gain of a growing animal. This is structure gain, not necessarily back fat gain. Animals do not have a negative ADG. Read More
ADINAcid Detergent Insoluble Nitrogen, portion of the Nitrogen not available to the animal. Model advancement favors the use of UNross for this value. Read More
AFAs Fed- an expression of feed nutrient content with moisture included. Nutrient content on an "as fed" basis is always lower than on a "dry matter" basis. AF%+DM%=100% Read More
Amino Acidsa class of nitrogen-containing molecules that are the building blocks from which protein is made in the body. There are 10 essential amino acids for cows. Read More
AMTS Rumen pHThis equation was adapted from Zebeli et. al. JDS 91:2046 (2008). It is calculated from peNDF and rumen degraded starch from concentrates. Read More
AMTS Rumen pH < 5.8The value for AMTS Rumen pH 5.8 is from an equation. This equation was adapted from Zebeli et. al. JDS 91:2046 (2008). It is calculated from peNDF and rumen degraded starch from concentrates. Their data showed a breakpoint where daily mean rumen pH decreased in a linear fashion as the number(...) Read More
Antibiotica class of drug usually produced by living organisms (molds, bacteria, etc.) that can inhibit or kill undesirable bacteria (e.g., penicillin). Read More
Antioxidanta compound added to feeds to prevent the oxidative rancidity of fats. Read More
Ashthe inorganic mineral elements of animals and plants, determined in a laboratory by burning off the organic matter at a high temperature and weighing the residue (ash). Read More
Available ProteinDetermined by calculation. Indigestible Protein is subtracted from Total Protein Read More
Balanced Rationa 24-hour feed allowance that provides an animal with appropriate amounts and proportions of all nutrients required for a given level of performance. Read More
Beta Carotenea precursor of vitamin A provided by green pigment in forages that can be added in a synthetic form to feed mixtures. Higher levels of beta carotene are claimed to improved reproductive efficiency and decrease mammary infections in dairy cows. Read More
Carbohydrateenergy-providing substrate, including starches, sugars, cellulose and hemicellulose. All carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and are usually divided into two fractions: structural (fiber from plant cell wall) and non-structural NFC (sugars and starches from plant cell contents). Read More
Cellulosea fibrous carbohydrate that is the chief part of plant cell walls. Read More
CFCrude Fiber-an outdated term used to express the fiber components of feeds. It has been replaced by ADF and NDF fractions in ruminant feeds. Read More
Chelated Minerala compound formed between an organic molecule and a mineral that increases mineral bioavailability to the animal. These are claimed to make cows more efficient. Read More
Chemical Analysisthe use of standard chemical analytical procedures to determine the composition of a feed. Read More
Cholinean essential nutrient, not strictly a vitamin by definition, closely associated with fat metabolism and transport. Choline may be added to diets of early lactation dairy cows to help them metabolize energy and lessen the chance of metabolic disorders. To date the NRC has no Choline(...) Read More
CLAConjugated Linoleic Acid- a variety of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid naturally formed in the rumen through the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by rumen bacteria. Read More
CNCPS Rumen pHThe equation for determining the pH in the CNCPS model considers the peNDF values of the feeds. By comparison, AMTS Rumen pH considers peNDF values and rumen degraded starch from concentrates. Read More
Co Added (mg)Cobalt added over an above that contributed by the basic ingredients (ie that coming from vitamin and mineral packs) Read More
Co Added (ppm)Cobalt added over an above that contributed by the basic ingredients (ie that coming from vitamin and mineral packs) Read More
Coccidiostatdrug used to control coccidial infections. Coccidia are microscopic protozoa that live in the intestinal lining of livestock and poultry, causing severe diarrhea. Many calves are treated for Coccidiostat and can risk death if not treated expediently. Read More
Colostrumthe first milk secreted by mammals after giving birth. The colostrum is essential for newborn survival as they receive their immunity from their mother through passive transfer. Calves are born without an immune system. Read More
Complete Feeda thoroughly blended mixture of different feed ingredients formulated to meet specific nutrient requirements. A complete feed may or may not include the forages in the ration.a thoroughly blended mixture of different feed ingredients formulated to meet specific nutrient requirements. A(...) Read More
CPCrude Protein-- an estimate of the total protein content of a feed determined by analyzing the nitrogen content of the feed and multiplying the result by 6.25. Read More
Days To Change BCSNumber of days predicted in order or animals to change Body Condition Score entered Read More
DCAD 1dietary cation anion difference. DCAD 1 uses the old 4 element equation Read More
DCAD1 (meq/kg)Old 4 element equation: (sodium+potassium) - (chloride + sulfur) = DCAD in mEq/kg
DCAD1 = (Na + K) − (Cl + S) Read More
DCAD2 (meq/kg)dietary cation/anion difference (MilliEquivalents/ kilogram) DCAD2 is from 2001 NRC: [(0.15 * Ca) + (0.15 * Mg) + Na + K] - [Cl + (0.6 * S) + (0.5 * P)] Read More
Degradable ProteinAlso known as Available Protein. Determined by calculation: Total Protein less (Rumen Degraded Protein (RDP) + (Rumen Undegraded Protein (RUP) - UNRoss)) Read More
LNDFStands for the Lignin as a percent of the NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber). This is seen as a part of the Feed Name in the AMTS Feed library; it is an older way to designate a feed and does not have relevance in the model. Example: Alfalfa Hay 20CP 40NDF 17 LNDF Read More
Mass Balance CheckThe factors contributing to Mass Balance in the Feed Edit screen are: CP (Crude Protein) + Ether Extract (Fat) + Ash + NDF + VFAs + Sugar + Starch + Soluble Fiber. If the Mass Check value is greater than 105, double check the silage acids, the lab may be double accounting for those values. Read More
NEl (Mcal/lb or kg)Net Energy for lactation (Mega calories per lb or Kg of feed) This is an old term, used in older ration balancing programs Read More
peNDFphysically effective NDF or scratch level. In a lactating dairy cow 19-25 is and acceptable level. In the CNCPS model there is a penalty given to the diets below 19 due to limited rumen function. Read More
PPDProducer Price Differential (PPD), a calculation used in milk pricing calculations created by the USDA under the Federal Milk Marketing Order reform in 2000. The input exists on AMTS.Farm to allow nutritionists to fully capture adjustments made to the milk price on the farm level. This(...) Read More
Prt-AProtein A Pool --rapidly degraded int he rumen (urea, ammonia) In CNCPS broken into two pools A1-ammonia, A2-Soluble True Protein (free Amino Acids, free peptides) Calculation: Crude x Soluble - A1 Read More
Prt-BProtein B Pools---multiple pools can be fast or slowly potentially degraded in rumen Two Pools: B1-- catch all, determined by calculation Crude - (A1 + A2 + B2 + C) B2--pretty slowly degraded, the Protein that is bound within the NDF matrix (NDIN) Read More
Prt-CProtein C pool- totally unavailable for digestion, passes through the rumen, is not digested in the small intestines, passes with the feces. The ADIN--Protein bound in the ADF matrix. Read More
Sugar (%DM)Feeds' sugar content is commonly measured using either ethanol soluble carbohydrate (ESC) or water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) method. ESC extraction typically yields a mix of simple sugars and some short-chain fructans. WSC contains simple sugars, fructans, and other medium chain(...) Read More
TSI (%DM)TSI (%DM) stands for Total Soluble Index percentage of Dry Matter or Total Sugars Index as a percent of Dry Matter. It is a measure of the soluble carbohydrates present in a feed or forage sample, expressed as a percentage of the dry matter in the sample. TSI (%DM) is used as an indicator of(...) Read More
